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Arab cinema or Arabic cinema (Arabic: السينما العربية, romanized: al-sīnemā al-ʿArabīyah) refers to the film industry of the Arab world. Most productions are from the Egyptian cinema.[2][3][4][5] Currently, the Middle East's largest cinema chain is Vox, owned by UAE-based Majid Al Futtaim Cinemas.[6]
The first screening of a motion picture in Egypt occurred in Alexandria in 1896 by the French Lumière Brothers. The Egyptian industry developed from silent movies to talkies, with musicals being the bulk of the productions in the 1930s and 1940s.[7] The first Arab-produced film was Laila, released in Egypt in 1924,[8] while the first Arabic speaking film was Awlad El-Zawat, also released in Egypt in 1932.[9] Studio Misr, founded in 1935, was the first national studio of its kind in the Arab world.[10] The period from the late 1940s to 1960s has been described as “the golden age of Arab cinema”, as Arab actors from across the Middle East headed to stardom in Cairo. During this period, notable actors included Hind Rostom, Roshdi Abaza, Mahmoud el-Meliguy, Anwar Wagdi, Fayrouz and Soad Hosny.[11] In the 1950s, Egypt's cinema industry was the world's third largest.[12] In 1976, the Cairo International Film Festival was established, becoming the first film festival to be held in the Arab world.[13] Egypt has also contributed to the action genre with actors such as Youssef Mansour who became famous in the 1990s for his martial arts films.[14][15]
The Egyptian-Jewish Frenkel brothers—Herschel, Shlomo, and David—are regarded as the pioneers of the art of animation in Egypt and the Arab world. Inspired by early American cartoons and silent comedies, they released their first animated film in 1936 titled Mafish Fayda.[16] The first Arabic-language animation series was Mishgias Sawah (1979), released in Egypt,[17] while the first feature-length Arab animated film is The Knight and the Princess, also released in Egypt in 2019.[18][19] The first television drama in the Arab world, Hareb Min el-Ayyam, was broadcast from Egypt in 1962 during Ramadan.[20] Often called the era of New Arab Cinema, during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, the influence of Italian realism and the response to political upheavals combined to create a body of independent Arab films that included traces of Arab melodrama. In 1972, the Kuwaiti drama film Bas ya Bahar became the first narrative feature film in the Gulf, and is considered one of the most important Arabic-language films in Arab filmmaking.[21]
Egypt’s domination of Arab cinema has been credited to its development of the dramatic arts, wealth of studios, experienced directors, technicians, film stars, singers and belly dancers.[22][23] Since the 2010s, a “new wave” of Arab cinema has included films that explore links with genre cinema – including fantasy, sci-fi and horror.[24][25] Since the Arab Spring, Arab films have also become more political.[26] In what has been described as a “vibrant new era” of Arab cinema, the 2020s has seen a growth in the Saudi film industry, with some stability in Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco.[27] The Saudi horror film, The Cello (2023), is regarded as the first Arabic international horror film.[28] The same year, Sukkar, backed by the Saudi-owned production house MBC Group, was touted as the Arab world’s first musical movie in the Western canon.[29]
- ^ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tzHlEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT220&dq=Studio+Misr+in+1935,+the+first+national+studio+of+its+kind+in+the+Arab+world.&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiTwpj_w6eIAxWjTkEAHckmKr0Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ^ Shafik, Viola (2007). Arab cinema : history and cultural identity (New rev. ed.). Cairo, Egypt: The American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-9774160653.
- ^ "Learning About Arab Film and Cinema". Arab Film Festival. 29 July 2016.
- ^ Houissa, Ali. "LibGuides: Middle Eastern & North African Cinema & Film: Egyptian Cinema & Film". guides.library.cornell.edu. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ Shafik, Viola (2007). Popular Egyptian Cinema: Gender, Class, and Nation. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-977-416-053-0.
- ^ https://gulfbusiness.com/vox-cinemas-walking-red-carpet-two-decades/
- ^ https://dinaalmahdy.com/2020/04/12/the-golden-age-of-egyptian-cinema/
- ^ https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/arabic-movies-and-tv-shows/
- ^ https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/113775/Memory-of-the-day-“Awlad-El-Zawat”-the-1st-Arabic
- ^ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tzHlEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT220&dq=Studio+Misr+in+1935,+the+first+national+studio+of+its+kind+in+the+Arab+world.&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiTwpj_w6eIAxWjTkEAHckmKr0Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ^ https://dinaalmahdy.com/2020/04/12/the-golden-age-of-egyptian-cinema/
- ^ https://www.meer.com/en/73865-the-influence-of-egyptian-cinema-in-the-arab-world
- ^ "Cairo International Film Festival".
- ^ https://al-ain.com/article/yousef-mansour-profile
- ^ https://m.elwatannews.com/news/details/4113954
- ^ https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/the-jewish-disney-family-of-egypt
- ^ https://www.the-tls.co.uk/arts/film/image-making-springtime
- ^ https://middle-east-online.com/en/funding-key-future-animated-feature-films-arab-world
- ^ https://elgounafilmfestival.com/article/178
- ^ https://www.middleeasteye.net/discover/ramadan-arab-world-tv-where-to-start#:~:text=Ramadan%20series%20date%20back%20to,broadcast%20from%20Egypt%20in%201962.
- ^ https://agsiw.org/a-masterpiece-without-an-audience-khalid-al-siddiq-and-the-gulfs-first-narrative-feature-film/
- ^ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pjqOM04aGJ8C&pg=PA17&dq=Arab+cinema+has+been+dominated+since+the+twenties+by+EGYPT+with+its+wealth+of+studios,+experienced+directors,+technicians,+film+stars,+singers+and+belly-dancers.&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx3ZjVmaSIAxXpUEEAHdlCAHEQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ^ https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/2011/introduction-to-egyptian-cinema/
- ^ https://variety.com/2019/film/festivals/arab-african-filmmakers-genre-1203428775/amp/
- ^ https://arabiapolicy.com/arab-filmmakers-embrace-genre-films/
- ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/how-arab-cinema-is-making-a-name-for-itself-at-the-world-s-biggest-film-festivals-london-film-festival-a7320866.html
- ^ https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/cannes-arab-cinema-golden-age-1235492750/amp/
- ^ "Saudi horror film 'The Cello' premieres in Riyadh". 11 September 2023.
- ^ https://variety.com/2023/film/global/arabic-language-musical-movie-sukkar-middle-east-and-north-african-cinemas-1235727245/amp/